FISTULA
Anal Fistula
What is an Anal Fistula?
An anal fistula is an abnormal tunnel-like connection between the anal canal and the skin around the anus. It usually develops due to an untreated anal abscess, leading to persistent pain, swelling, and pus discharge. Fistulas can cause discomfort while sitting, walking, or passing stools and often require medical attention for complete healing.
Types of Anal Fistula
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Simple Fistula – A single, straight tunnel with minimal branching.
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Complex Fistula – Multiple interconnected tunnels that may involve deeper tissues.
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Horseshoe Fistula – Forms a U-shaped tract around the rectum.
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High-Level Fistula – Extends deeper into the muscles and may be more difficult to treat.
Causes of Fistula
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Anal Abscess: Infection in the anal glands leading to pus formation
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Chronic Constipation: Straining can cause minor tears and infections
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions like Crohn’s disease increase the risk
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Infections: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or tuberculosis can contribute
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Previous Surgeries or Injuries: May lead to fistula formation
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Persistent Pain: Around the anus, especially while sitting or passing stools
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Pus or Blood Discharge: From an opening near the anus
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Swelling & Redness: Around the affected area
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Recurring Abscess Formation: Frequent boil-like swellings that burst and reform
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Foul-Smelling Discharge: Due to infection in the tunnel